As Indigenous scholars and activists have pointed out, the commercialization of
Indigenous language data resembles the historical and ongoing dispossession of
Indigenous land. Using Mayan languages as a case study, this article illustrates
the process by which digital advertising platforms – Google and Meta –
appropriate and benefit commercially from Indigenous language data, drawing
parallels with the dispossession of Indigenous land. It identifies the
significant costs of this commercialization to Indigenous communities, including
the lack of compensation for the Indigenous language data’s commercial value,
the distortion of Indigenous communities’ linguistic and cultural representation
online, and the reinforcement of extractive relationships to Indigenous land,
particularly through the expansion of highly resource-intensive and
environmentally destructive AI infrastructures. Finally, the paper outlines
various efforts to reclaim Indigenous language data, calling for broad
solidarity and support for the Indigenous Data Sovereignty movement.
Gabriela Merida, a doctoral student at the University of Albany and a child of
Guatemalan Maya refugees, interviews her grandmother and father about their
lives in Guatemala and their subsequent experiences as migrants in the United
States. Through life history interviews with each of them, Merida examines how
foreign intervention shaped the economic and political realities that compelled
them to migrate. She employs Giovanni Batz’s (2024) concept of the four
invasions as an analytic frame to demonstrate how the historical arc of
colonization, the plantation economy, the Guatemalan Civil War, and capitalism
produce compounding forms of structural and quotidian violence that
disproportionately harm Indigenous Mayas, campesinos, and working-class people.
The life histories of her grandmother and father demonstrate how the legacies of
the four invasions are linked, creating the conditions that drive Indigenous
Maya and peasants to migrate to the United States. “Yet,” concludes Merida,
“just as my grandmother and father resisted through small, everyday acts of
survival, I know that my responsibility now lies in resisting for my community.”
This introductory essay is part of the special issue Maya America, Volume 8,
Issue 1, guest-edited and coordinated by the Mayan Languages Preservation
Project. The 10 authors of the various research articles and commentaries
represent eight of Guatemala’s 22 Maya languages. What brings these essays into
relationship with each other are the pragmatic concerns of strengthening Maya
languages, such as providing academic, professional, and social services
contexts for using and not merely maintaining these languages but helping them
thrive. Each author in this special issue has actively worked in various ways to
promote Mayan language and cultural knowledge preservation. As background to the
authors’ essays, Dr. Little in this introductory chapter reviews how, over the
last 40 years, Guatemalan Maya scholars have increasingly been part of the
academic conversation, although much of Maya scholarly production in
ethno/history, cultural anthropology, and politics has been in Spanish and with
limited circulation.