Ultrasonic Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Analysis of the Gunshot Residue Diphenylamine
Disciplines
Analytical Chemistry | Other Chemistry
Abstract (300 words maximum)
Diphenylamine is a common organic compound found in gunshot residue. Detection of this organic compound is important in the forensic analysis of firearms. There are minimal methods for extracting organic compounds for firearms analysis. This project helps with producing new effective ways of extraction and producing more products in gunshot residue analysis. The technique used to help with the extraction enhancement of diphenylamine was Ultrasonic Assisted Emulsification Microextraction. An external standard calibration curve was produced by creating a simulation of fired bullets by dosing diphenylamine onto copper foil. Five standards were created at multiple concentrations and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated. The R2 for the given calibration curve was 0.9823. The limit of detection was found to be a concentration of 1.84 ppm. The limit of quantitation is found to be a concentration of 6.12 ppm. To apply the Ultrasonic Assisted Emulsification Microextraction, fired bullet casings provided by KSUPD and another student are soaked in a solution of 1-bromooctane and deionized water and placed in an ultrasonic bath. The use of Ultrasonic Assisted Emulsification Microextraction was selected from literature with the goal of improving the extraction efficiency of the organic compounds within the fired bullet casing. After sonication, the 1-bromooctane layer was extracted for analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. From the results, the amount of diphenylamine is much smaller than anticipated, using this extraction method, and does not produce effective results. Using 1-bromooctane, ultimately causes the diphenylamine to be placed in the background noise. The GC-MS was unable to produce any peaks in regard to diphenylamine. Therefore, further experimentation can be done to improve the method for extraction.
Academic department under which the project should be listed
CSM - Chemistry and Biochemistry
Primary Investigator (PI) Name
Christopher Dockery
Ultrasonic Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Analysis of the Gunshot Residue Diphenylamine
Diphenylamine is a common organic compound found in gunshot residue. Detection of this organic compound is important in the forensic analysis of firearms. There are minimal methods for extracting organic compounds for firearms analysis. This project helps with producing new effective ways of extraction and producing more products in gunshot residue analysis. The technique used to help with the extraction enhancement of diphenylamine was Ultrasonic Assisted Emulsification Microextraction. An external standard calibration curve was produced by creating a simulation of fired bullets by dosing diphenylamine onto copper foil. Five standards were created at multiple concentrations and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated. The R2 for the given calibration curve was 0.9823. The limit of detection was found to be a concentration of 1.84 ppm. The limit of quantitation is found to be a concentration of 6.12 ppm. To apply the Ultrasonic Assisted Emulsification Microextraction, fired bullet casings provided by KSUPD and another student are soaked in a solution of 1-bromooctane and deionized water and placed in an ultrasonic bath. The use of Ultrasonic Assisted Emulsification Microextraction was selected from literature with the goal of improving the extraction efficiency of the organic compounds within the fired bullet casing. After sonication, the 1-bromooctane layer was extracted for analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. From the results, the amount of diphenylamine is much smaller than anticipated, using this extraction method, and does not produce effective results. Using 1-bromooctane, ultimately causes the diphenylamine to be placed in the background noise. The GC-MS was unable to produce any peaks in regard to diphenylamine. Therefore, further experimentation can be done to improve the method for extraction.