Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Deep Eutectic Solvents Produced from Ionic and Non-Ionic Compounds
Disciplines
Analytical Chemistry
Abstract (300 words maximum)
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are emerging green solvents with various applications. These solvents are comprised of two components in a specific ratio and form due to strong non-covalent interactions, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, alkyl-alkyl interactions, halogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces. The resulting substance is often found to be liquid at room temperature, a stark difference from its typically solid ingredients, which usually melt at much higher temperatures. Generally, hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) components produce DESs. In this research, various DESs were produced by mixing two components in a 1:2 molar ratio at 80 °C for 30 minutes in a covered beaker under constant stirring at 600 rpm until a homogeneous liquid was obtained. Choline Chloride, Betaine, Acetylcholine Chloride, and Tetra-n-butylammonium Hydrate were used a cationic hydrogen bond acceptor and Urea or Thiourea were employed as a non-ionic hydrogen bond donor. After formulation of DES, ATR-FTIR spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize these DESs. FTIR spectra showed noticeable differences between both the resulting DES and its components, indicating interaction for certain groups. In the ChCl:Urea DES, two bands have been observed at 3191 cm –1 and 3326 cm –1. These peaks are shifted to a slightly lower wavenumber while compared with the FTIR spectra of urea due to the non-covalent interactions between the ChCl and Urea. Additionally, significant spectra differences were shown between cationic hydrogen bond acceptors and non-ionic hydrogen bond donors such as urea and thiourea. The infrared spectroscopy data provides further insight into the specific arrangements that these DESs tend towards when they have strong non-covalent interactions.
Academic department under which the project should be listed
Chemistry and Biochemistry
Primary Investigator (PI) Name
Mohammad A. Halim
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Deep Eutectic Solvents Produced from Ionic and Non-Ionic Compounds
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are emerging green solvents with various applications. These solvents are comprised of two components in a specific ratio and form due to strong non-covalent interactions, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, alkyl-alkyl interactions, halogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces. The resulting substance is often found to be liquid at room temperature, a stark difference from its typically solid ingredients, which usually melt at much higher temperatures. Generally, hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) components produce DESs. In this research, various DESs were produced by mixing two components in a 1:2 molar ratio at 80 °C for 30 minutes in a covered beaker under constant stirring at 600 rpm until a homogeneous liquid was obtained. Choline Chloride, Betaine, Acetylcholine Chloride, and Tetra-n-butylammonium Hydrate were used a cationic hydrogen bond acceptor and Urea or Thiourea were employed as a non-ionic hydrogen bond donor. After formulation of DES, ATR-FTIR spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize these DESs. FTIR spectra showed noticeable differences between both the resulting DES and its components, indicating interaction for certain groups. In the ChCl:Urea DES, two bands have been observed at 3191 cm –1 and 3326 cm –1. These peaks are shifted to a slightly lower wavenumber while compared with the FTIR spectra of urea due to the non-covalent interactions between the ChCl and Urea. Additionally, significant spectra differences were shown between cationic hydrogen bond acceptors and non-ionic hydrogen bond donors such as urea and thiourea. The infrared spectroscopy data provides further insight into the specific arrangements that these DESs tend towards when they have strong non-covalent interactions.