Date of Award
Fall 11-13-2024
Degree Name
Master of Science in Nursing
Department
Wellstar School of Nursing
Committee Chair/First Advisor
Kawther Hamash
Abstract
Title: Preeclampsia as a Risk Factor for Developing Heart Failure
Introduction: Preeclampsia affects a significant number of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclampsia has been linked with increased cardiovascular risks for women later in life, thus threatening their life. This literature review examines the existing scientific evidence on the relationship between preeclampsia and the long-term risk of heart failure in postpartum women over a 10-year period.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The Melnyk Level of Evidence tool was used to evaluate 10 studies. Identified studies were published between 2019 and 2023. Thematic analysis was used to configure themes.
Results: Thematic analysis identified three main themes: Role of demographics and predictive factors of heart failure in women with a history of preeclampsia, Prevalent physiological effects of preeclampsia on the cardiovascular system, and complicated long-term health outcomes related to heart failure associated with preeclampsia.
Discussion: Previous studies have shown that women who experience preeclampsia during pregnancy face a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular complications, including heart failure, within the first decade postpartum. Factors such as age, race, chronic comorbidities, and socioeconomic status contribute to this increased risk. Additionally, disparities in healthcare access further exacerbate the incidence of cardiovascular disorders among these women. Preeclampsia significantly impacts long-term cardiovascular health. In women with a history of preeclampsia, endothelial dysfunction and cardiac remodeling are key physiological complications that heighten the risk of developing heart failure.
Current literature emphasizes the need for extended monitoring of these women. Enhanced postpartum care strategies, including early cardiovascular risk assessments and targeted interventions for high-risk populations, are important. Future research should focus on preventative measures, such as aspirin therapy, and evaluate their effectiveness among diverse populations.