Examination of Cybersecurity Technologies, Practices, Challenges, and Wish List in K-12 School Districts

Authors

Florence Martin, North Carolina State UniversityFollow
Julie Bacak, University of North Carolina CharlotteFollow
Erik Jon Byker, University of North Carolina at CharlotteFollow
Weichao Wang, University of North Carolina CharlotteFollow
Jonathan Wagner, University of North Carolina CharlotteFollow
Lynn Ahlgrim-Delzell, University of North Carolina CharlotteFollow

Publication Date

2023

Abstract

With the growth in digital teaching and learning, there has been a sharp rise in the number of cybersecurity attacks on K-12 school networks. This has demonstrated a need for security technologies and cybersecurity education. This study examined security technologies used, effective security practices, challenges, concerns, and wish list of technology leaders in K-12 settings. Data collected from 23 district websites and from interviews with 12 district technology leaders were analyzed. Top security practices included cloud-based technologies, segregated network/V-LAN, two-factor authentication, limiting access, and use of Clever or Class Link. Top challenges included keeping users informed, lack of buy-in from staff and decision-makers, lack of expertise to implement modern best practices, and cost of resources. Top concerns included possible cyberattacks, leaked student data, and lack of user awareness. Finally, their wish list included technology personnel, access to Clever of Class Link, external system diagnostic checks, professional development for staff, and replacing aging infrastructure. The findings have implications for K-12 administrators, technology leaders, and teachers.