From NERVA to DRACO: The Evolving Role of Nuclear Propulsion in Deep Space Missions
Disciplines
Nuclear Engineering | Propulsion and Power | Space Vehicles
Abstract (300 words maximum)
This study explores the development and applications of nuclear propulsion for space travel. In the aftermath of the atomic era, concepts such as Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) and Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) emerged as promising alternatives to conventional chemical propulsion systems. Nuclear propulsion offers several advantages, most notably a significantly higher specific impulse, which translates to improved fuel efficiency and reduced travel time. These capabilities open the possibility of deep-space missions that are currently impractical or excessively demanding for human crews. This research presents a historical and technical review of nuclear propulsion, examining its scientific foundations in radiation, propulsion mechanics, fuel composition, and reactor design. Additionally, the study addresses the political, economic, and safety implications associated with nuclear-powered space exploration. Data collection and analysis have been drawn upon the Kennesaw State University SuperSearch database, complemented by independent sources dating back to the 1960s. Key performance metrics, funding trends, and safety assessments are analyzed to contextualize both historical programs, such as NERVA and RD-04, and contemporary initiatives including DRACO and DARPA’s current projects. Ultimately, this study seeks to identify gaps in current knowledge and evaluate the feasibility of nuclear propulsion as a sustainable foundation for future deep-space exploration.
Keywords: nuclear thermal propulsion, specific impulse, NERVA, space flight, radiation, nuclear electric propulsion, crewed missions
Use of AI Disclaimer
no
Academic department under which the project should be listed
SPCEET – Mechanical Engineering
Primary Investigator (PI) Name
Eduardo B. Farfan
From NERVA to DRACO: The Evolving Role of Nuclear Propulsion in Deep Space Missions
This study explores the development and applications of nuclear propulsion for space travel. In the aftermath of the atomic era, concepts such as Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) and Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) emerged as promising alternatives to conventional chemical propulsion systems. Nuclear propulsion offers several advantages, most notably a significantly higher specific impulse, which translates to improved fuel efficiency and reduced travel time. These capabilities open the possibility of deep-space missions that are currently impractical or excessively demanding for human crews. This research presents a historical and technical review of nuclear propulsion, examining its scientific foundations in radiation, propulsion mechanics, fuel composition, and reactor design. Additionally, the study addresses the political, economic, and safety implications associated with nuclear-powered space exploration. Data collection and analysis have been drawn upon the Kennesaw State University SuperSearch database, complemented by independent sources dating back to the 1960s. Key performance metrics, funding trends, and safety assessments are analyzed to contextualize both historical programs, such as NERVA and RD-04, and contemporary initiatives including DRACO and DARPA’s current projects. Ultimately, this study seeks to identify gaps in current knowledge and evaluate the feasibility of nuclear propulsion as a sustainable foundation for future deep-space exploration.
Keywords: nuclear thermal propulsion, specific impulse, NERVA, space flight, radiation, nuclear electric propulsion, crewed missions