Synthesis and Characterization of Choline Chloride: Amide Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Disciplines
Analytical Chemistry | Environmental Chemistry
Abstract (300 words maximum)
Deep Eutectic Solvents are establishing themselves as a relatively new development in the field of green chemistry as they have only been around for just over two decades. Moreover, these solvents propose an environmentally friendly solution to toxic solvents that are commonly used for industrial purposes. Deep Eutectic Solvents are comprised of two principal components, a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. These combinations are highly tunable as their parent components can be combined to create a DES solvent that has a melting point much lower than its parent components. The main application for these solvents is to integrate them within industrial processes as non-toxic, nonflammable, green solvents that are inert to the environment. In the research, various DESs were prepared by using a 1:2 molar ratio, stirring at 600 RPM at 80 for about one hour or until a colorless liquid was achieved. Choline chloride was used as the main hydrogen bond acceptor while urea, acetamide, benzamide, and L-glutamine were used as hydrogen bond donors. Choline chloride was shown to be the most successful with urea as the FTIR showed a significant shift between the N-H stretch of urea at 3430 and the O-H stretch of choline chloride at 3212 with the DES showing an O-H stretch around 3313 and a C=O stretch at 1664 . Based on the FTIR of the DES, it is conclusive that the desired DES was created between the two parent components, choline chloride and urea, acetamide and benzamide. Similar IR features were also noticed when acetamide and benzamide were used, however, ChCl:Glutamine DES was remained as very viscous and quickly solidified around 22° C. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to determine identify the patterns and relationships that the hydrogen bond donor and the hydrogen bond acceptors had with each other. PCA results confirm and adhere to the same results that the FTIR experiments produced as it indicated that a DES solution was successfully synthesized from the parent components.
Academic department under which the project should be listed
CSM - Chemistry and Biochemistry
Primary Investigator (PI) Name
Mohammad A. Halim
Synthesis and Characterization of Choline Chloride: Amide Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Deep Eutectic Solvents are establishing themselves as a relatively new development in the field of green chemistry as they have only been around for just over two decades. Moreover, these solvents propose an environmentally friendly solution to toxic solvents that are commonly used for industrial purposes. Deep Eutectic Solvents are comprised of two principal components, a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. These combinations are highly tunable as their parent components can be combined to create a DES solvent that has a melting point much lower than its parent components. The main application for these solvents is to integrate them within industrial processes as non-toxic, nonflammable, green solvents that are inert to the environment. In the research, various DESs were prepared by using a 1:2 molar ratio, stirring at 600 RPM at 80 for about one hour or until a colorless liquid was achieved. Choline chloride was used as the main hydrogen bond acceptor while urea, acetamide, benzamide, and L-glutamine were used as hydrogen bond donors. Choline chloride was shown to be the most successful with urea as the FTIR showed a significant shift between the N-H stretch of urea at 3430 and the O-H stretch of choline chloride at 3212 with the DES showing an O-H stretch around 3313 and a C=O stretch at 1664 . Based on the FTIR of the DES, it is conclusive that the desired DES was created between the two parent components, choline chloride and urea, acetamide and benzamide. Similar IR features were also noticed when acetamide and benzamide were used, however, ChCl:Glutamine DES was remained as very viscous and quickly solidified around 22° C. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to determine identify the patterns and relationships that the hydrogen bond donor and the hydrogen bond acceptors had with each other. PCA results confirm and adhere to the same results that the FTIR experiments produced as it indicated that a DES solution was successfully synthesized from the parent components.